Catal Hyuk - 2725 Words

CHAPTER ONE: Before History IDENTITIES: Complex Society Paleolithic Venus Figurines Metallurgy Social Class/Social Structure Lucy Neolithic Lascaux Cave Paintings Neolithic Revolution Agricultural Revolution MAP: Olduvai Gorge Neander Valley Catal Huyluk Lascaux CHAPTER TWO: Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo-European Migrations IDENTITIES: The Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad Hammurabi’s Codes/Laws Stele Assyrians Economic Specialization Stratified Patriarchal Society Elite, Commoner, Dependent, Slave Cuneiform Moses Polytheism Cross-Cultural Interaction Cross-Cultural Exchange Semitic City-state Hammurabi Indo-Europeans†¦show more content†¦Augustine Constantine Visigoths Huns 476 ce Bishop of Rome CHAPTER 12: Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Road IDENTITIES: Monsoon Winds Taklamakan Desrt Missionaries Epidemics Expatriate Merchants Bubonic Plague Bishop of Rome 476 ce Nestorians Syncretic/syncretism Small Pox St. Augustine Manicheaism MAP: Kush Himalaya Mounta ins Taklamakan Desert Taxila Persian Gulf Arabia Tyre Red Sea South China Sea Ceylon Bactria Chang’an Hindu Kush Mountains Madagascar Kashgar Caspian Sea Palmyra Antioch Arabian Sea Damasacus Guandzhou Pondicherry Samarkand Sumatra Java Parthia CHAPTER 13: The Commonwealth of Byzantium IDENTITIES: Byzantine Commonwealth Caesaropapism Corpus iuris civilis â€Å"Greek Fire† Schism Saint Cyril and Methodius Sasanids Hagia Sophia Theme System Iconoclasm Fourth Crusade MAPS: Balkan Peninsula Egypt Constantinople Alexandria Kiev MediterraneanShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of the Neolithic Revolution Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesthought can be seen in symbolic artifacts and signs of ritual activity throughout the world. (Haviland et al 2011: 241) Trade increased and many settlements became wealthy. These wealthy communities could support some people as artists and priests. Catal Hyuk is an example of astounding neolithic art, much of which adorns religion shrines. (Levac k et al 2009:5) Metalurgy first made an appearance in Europe during the Neolithic. (Levack et al 2009:16) Architecture improved and in many areas dwellings

Patriarchy And Gender Discrimination Women Are Socially...

There has always been a gender discrimination culturally, and historically. As a result, patriarchy has always been a major issue in history. Yet, forms of gender superiority still exist today. As seen in history, men have always been the superior gender. While females have been associated to being inferior to men. In the Feminist Theory Reader, we see the theme of male patriarchy in â€Å"Bargaining with Patriarchy†. Where Deniz Kandiyoti argues that patriarchy has always been a major issue in the actions of women in varies cultures. On the other hand, we see such connection to male patriarchy in the Ms. Readings’ article â€Å"Jailing Girls for Men’s for Crimes†. This article, argues that the inequality of women is due the social response to male control and superiority. Notably, the article â€Å"Say it, Spray it,† also argues that women are socially controlled by male patriarchy. In the Feminist Theory Reader, â€Å"Bargaining with Patriarchy† Deniz Kandiyoti states â€Å" As a result, the term patriarchy often evokes an overly monolithic conception of male dominance [†¦] reveals the intimate inner workings of culturally and historically distinct arrangements between the genders†(98). In this quote, Kandiyoti is referencing the inequality of women, who continue to suffer from a male patriarchal society. Kandiyoti is stating that even though classical patriarchy still exist there are other forms of patriarchy that can still affect women’s equality. Kandiyoti supports her argumentShow MoreRelatedFeminism : The Main Branches Of Feminism1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe roots of patriarchy and the details of its solution. However on whole it can be seen that they still agree the 2 core themes of feminism of patriarchy existing and what to do about patriarchy. Patriarchy is the view that man has oppressed women depriving them of choice or freedom to such opportunities a man is able to recieve. This is a core theme of feminism and it is agreed upon by all feminists that patriarchy exists. However they maybe some disagreement on where patriarchy is rooted. LiberalRead MoreWuthering Heights By Charlotte Bronte1137 Words   |  5 Pagesembankments against the patriarchal flow, paved the way for the free flow of matriarchy and establishes gender equality and above all sets stage for humanity through their works. Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights, Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre and Anne Bronte wrote Agnes Grey. They wrote these novels based on their own experiences and close observation of life and conditions of women in male dominated society. Their works of fiction depict the saga of women’s struggle (for identity, equalityRead MoreFeminist Writers Like Kate Millet Essay2267 Words   |  10 Pagesclassification by sex. Radical wo men, on the other hand grasp that women as a group somehow fit into a political analysis of society. Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all and economical contexts by challenging existing social norms and institution. Radical feminism has been extremely important in developing and analyzing woman’s oppression. The concept of patriarchy which has been developed withinRead MoreComparison Of Little Red Riding Hood And Beauty And The Beast 1486 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast the ways in which modern authors have re-imagined traditional narratives for their own purposes. Original fairy tales such as Perrault’s ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ or De Beaumont’s ‘Beauty and The Beast’ depict women as both socially and physically inferior – they reflect a hegemonic patriarchal social structure that restricted female voice and independence in order to maintain the status quo. In ‘The Bloody Chamber’ Angela Carter effectively draws out the theme of feminism byRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective2541 Words   |  11 PagesThroughout history, women have fought for equality in areas such as politics, religion, careers and many more. Specifically, women fight to be treated with respect and equality in criminal justice and law enforcement careers. Criminology in particular is one of the most male centered fields of study in social sciences. As a female who plans to one day hold a career in this field, this issue is very personal to me. In 1960, Canada and Britain began interest in the argument that wom en are ignored in criminologyRead More Gender Politics in the Criminal Justice System Essay4043 Words   |  17 Pagesanything but for women. The policies imposed in the criminal justice system affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. I plan to examine how gender intersects with the understanding of crime and the criminal justice system. Gender plays a significant role in understanding who commits what types of crimes, why they do so, who is most often victimized, and how the criminal justice system responds to these victims and offenders. In order to understand the current state of women and the way inRead MoreEssay about The Introduction of Feminist Criticism1815 Words   |  8 Pagestherefore, women have always been considered inferior to men. However, as Barnes suggests, the minimal criteria for feminism should include the claim for equal status, rights and roles with men. From the very early time, women began to strive fro their self-evaluation. The Enlightenment Movement and the American and French revolutions contributed a lot to the new rise of feminism. Such literary women as Austin, Bront#235;s, Eliot and Dickenson appeared that time. In the early 20th century, women finallyRead MoreA Gender, Social, And Cultural Sphere2276 Words   |  10 Pageslaunching an ‘A-Gender’ campaign in March 2015. With a whole unisex clothing range Selfridges will set out to eradicate binary gender oppositions. It intends to enable shoppers to shop and dress without limitations and stereotypes. Will it be all it’s contrived to be? With a preview towards a genderless society. In order to conclude the outcome this could have I will be giving an exploration into our current governed gender roles as well as further insight into the aim of Selfridges ‘A-Gender’ clothingRead MoreFemale Sexuality, Gender, And The Body4267 Words   |  18 Pages Women’s body which is personal in nature is, no more personal, it’s always binding by the culture. Female sexuality in a Brahmanical Patriarchy is much more complicated. Caste hierarchy and gender hierarchy are the organizing principles of the brahmanical (Chakravarti 1993). Most often women are denied of their rights over her own body. Here culture plays a prominent role in binding the women’s rights over the body and the power of her body is vested in the hands of the men. Women’s body isRead MoreAnalysis Of The God Of Small Things 2385 Words   |  10 PagesPerceiving through the gender and sexually lens in the novel The God of Small Things, it have illustrated the severity of gender oppression and discrimination through examination of the marital and intergender relations like patriarchy, gender roles and love. Specifically in the novel, Ammu, Mammachi and Baby Kochamma are all female characters and that they have experienced horrible discrimination s and oppressions due to their gender, religion and statuses which have torn them between traditional

How Successful Is Exposure as a Transformation of Othello free essay sample

Mal Peet I believe has successfully transformed Othello into a modern day tragedy, Exposure. He uses many similar characters, with many of the same personalities/motives. The two texts also explore many of the same themes, such as the outsider, racism and reputation. Mal Peet puts a modern spin on the tale. The two texts portray and explore the main themes through different structures and language features. Othello by William Shakespeare, written in the 17th century when the main focus of plays were their rich language. Peet uses colloquial language which grabs the modern day readers attention and sets it apart from Othello It sucks man. The narrative of Othello doesnt venture from the main plot, whereas in Exposure there are many distractions and less significant sub-plots. Mal Peet uses things such as emails and newspaper articles to tell the story. He emphasises the influence media has on the western society. This text is also narrated in third person which allows the reader to better connect with the characters and understand their thoughts and motivations. Both Texts also use dramatic irony, mainly used to reveal to the audience Iago/Diegos plans to be suspected, framed to make women false. The different language features in the texts help to set the context of the story. In both texts Othello/Otello is seen as an outsider. In Othello Desdemona comes from a rich family, and when she falls in love with Othello, the outsider, her racist father is far from happy. Although he is seen as a Valiant Moor Brabantio doesnt believe he is good enough for his daughter Our house is not a grange. After being sent from Venice the civilised sophisticated city, to the border of barbaric land of Cyprus, Othello becomes vulnerable this gives Iago an even bigger advantage. The metaphor that green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on, foreshadows the events to come from Othello putting all his trust in Iago. These ideas carry on to Exposure, where Otello moves from the northern football team to join Rialto in the south. His enormously costly move, funded mainly by Nestor Brabanta. Brabanta is quite satisfied with his decision until his daughter marries the football star. This reveals Brabanta racism, thinking Otello is not good enough for his daughter. In the new city and circumstances, Otello puts all his trust in his manager Diego, which is the beginning of his down fall. One of the sub-plots used by Mal Peet is that of Bush, Bianca and Felicia. This is highlighting the gruesome actions of the government to get rid of street kids Hed cut another one and said there was another one inside that one to. This makes the audience think about how different life is in the slums for Bush compared to the life rich celebrity Desmerelda lives. The ideas of hunger and corruption are revealed. The description Flat, slow, drops creates foreshadowing for Biancas death, which is framed on Otello. In Othello, Iago has a range of motives to tear apart Othello, he hears rumours that Othello had slept with his wife, whilst they werent true he continues with his plans creating his web of lies. Iago is also jealous of Othello and wants to feel powerful. Iago uses the idea of sexual jealousy against Othello, poisoning his mind by convincing him his wife was having an affair with Cassio She did deceive her father, marrying you. In Exposure Diego talks about how he believes Otello doesnt deserve to be a hero and that people shouldnt look up to him, he is jealous of Otello and threatened by him. Diego thinks he deserves more It reduces all of us; it reduces me. Love is one of the most prominent idea explored in both texts. Othello and Desdemona defy people and society. Desdemona even goes against her father She is abused, stoln from me, and corrupted by spells, medicines Brabantio believes Othello has used black magic to gain his daughters love. It seemed from the start that their loved was doomed. The idea of defying society and following their hearts is used to in Exposure, with the love between Otello and Desmerelda. Although they do not die like in Othello, it does end with them separated, ending as a tragedy. Reputation also becomes a large theme in both texts. Othello and Otello both slowly lose their good reputations as the narrative plays out. Othello starts out as a noble glorious and trustworthy man. Once he has moved to the barbaric land of Cyprus he too slowly becomes more and more barbaric, simply because he had believed everything that Iago had told him. Throughout the play Othello becomes more like Iago in how he acts and speaks. In Exposure Otello start out as a hero a fantastic sports star, but is cleverly manipulated by his manager. As the media gets hold of more and more stories about the star, set up by Diego, he begins to lose his good reputation. In the end being framed for looking at child pornography and the murder of Bianca, his good reputation is all but gone. which leads to the separation of the two lovers. In conclusion the texts are quite similar with the main plot, Exposure being a modern twist on the 17th century play by William Shakespeare. Exposure was a successful transformation as it changes the context if the play and includes todays struggles and problems, such as poverty, media and organised crime. This helps the modern day audience to connect to the story and characters.

Educational Administration and Management

Questions: 1. Based on your own experience think of an educational institution that needs change. Discuss several methods that the organization can use to overcome resistance to change? 2. You must have observed many school principals and other administrators in educational institutions. Create two lists based on your observation? 3. What you would most likely do if you were the person described in the situation? Answers: 1. While researching about various educational institutions, I am across this institution which according to me was in a terrible shape and immediately needed some change in the way it was working otherwise it would die a natural death. As I observed its present condition, I prefer not naming g the institution and lets assume it to be XYZ. By bad condition I do not mean that it was did follow the rules and regulations as such or the administration was pathetic but as an outsider I could [perceive that the education does need some major changes to survive in the long run. According to the survey conducted by me and colleagues on the institution I noted the exact changes that were needed for its improvement. I believe what was important in this place was to bring about skill based teaching rather than the theoretical teaching that was been monotonously be carried out. It is very important these days to have practical knowledge about things because in the end it wills these skills that would help someone to feed their stomach rather than anything else. Another important change required is to get a smarter rather creative teaching faculty for this institution. This has become the need of the hour. The children in todays generation have become sharper and teacher need to match up their level, introducing new methods of teaching along with other interesting activities to keep them engaged and makes the sessions enjoyable for them. What else was required was a kind of total revolution in the technology used and infrastructural development of the institution. Here again I am not trying to say that the structure unacceptable or so but I simply mean that this change would be good in order to cope up with todays modern society. Another change which I found was absolute necessary was personalizing of education i.e. the way of teaching should be varying depending on the ability of the student. One thing that should be kept in mind that everybody is not the same and one size cannot fit all. Some kids take time to learn while some can learn faster. Thus the teaching methodology should be tailor fit depending upon the childs ability to cope up with things. Having noted so many changes in the educational institution I would now try to analyze what methods can the organization in turn follow to resist the changes taking place not necessarily the ones that pointed out here. People generally resist change due to reasons like misunderstandings, selfish interests, and low tolerance of change and so on. However there is a need to overcome such resistance and this could be done in the following ways: The foremost thing that is to be done id to manage the perception of the people. People tend to resist something when they feel that it is forcibly done to them. Once if the organization is able to overcome this, they can facilitate the change easily We should always keep in mind that something that would always remain constant is change. Thus the institution should try and make change in any form a part of their culture. The institution should try to take the reaction of a skeptical person in a positive manner and listen to them as that it can be pretty tough, but then again that is what is to be done here. The institution should thoroughly take up the background change which has taken place so far to facilitate the change in a better way. The institution should be ready for any preconceived notions that they might have to face while dealing with the changes. 2. Based on past observance heres a list of things that head of institutions did that highly motivated the teachers to put in their best and work harder was the following : Communication A very important thing I noticed was the institutions with a clear communication between the head of the institution and the faculty members resulted in their better performance factor as it acted a motivating factor. The members felt that they can actually talk and have a conversation with the head regarding any matter of concern. When the heads tried to take the initiative to facilitate contact between the students and the faculty members enabling the students to reach out to the faculties at any point of time and vice versa helped the members to be activelyinvolved in the work they did which actually proved to be beneficial. A positive attitude is the antidote or any problems or stress coming along the way. heads of the institution who were more positive in their approach with the faculty members showed better results as compared to the others Appreciation is something which is very necessary irrespective of the sector in which the organization falls under. The head of institutions who took the initiative to appreciate the members of the faculty, who had worked harder and showed results, had greater satisfaction in comparison to the other institutions. This was not only a motivating factor for the faculty members who did well but also a driving force for the others to perform well the next time The heads that conducting regular meeting to discuss problems and agendas with its faculty members resulted in greater success than the others because any issue that cropped up was instantly solved rather than its growing. Things that the heads did which destroyed the motivation of it faculty members were: The heads who were found very rigid in their approach with the I am always right attitude did not work well with the faculty members One of the most common demotivating factors found in many institution were the heads always pointing out the pitfalls with the faculty members with no emotion of encouragement for the next time Heads who were very strict in granting leaves or holidays to the faculty members thoroughly demotivated all its members Leading a monotonous life without any recreational activities of any sort provided to the members destroyed their motivation to work for the institution Not letting the faculty member to be creative in their ways and to stick to the traditional mode that has been followed throughout the years has acted as a demotivating factor too. Observing both the motivating as well the demotivating factors one can say that the head of any educational institutional should try and follow the middle path. One should neither be too strict making them unapproachable or too lenient. One should know how balance and know how behave one. Another quality effective leadership is when the head works in a diplomatic manner rather than being emotional. One should also be very particular about their behavior and not acting very bossy rather than imposing g the authority when the situations demand. For effective leadership one should always have self-confidence which is very essential in motivating himself before he motivates anybody else. However this in any case shouldnt become over confidence. All this would help a head to be an effective leader in any educational institution. 3. One such program I heard about was the training that was conducted in a local university on the concept of cooperative learning. This is a new very concept for the school and this could be something different and a new experience for the students of our school. I did some research work on this and found out that cooperative learning can actually help the children to perform better. As we all know that humans cannot live in isolation, and there is need for the people to interact with one another and stay together in a peaceful way if one living in a society. The theory of cooperative learning is based on this phenomenon. It helps the children to stay together, work together and also learn together. I have done a thorough reading on the concept of cooperative learning and its importance for school goers. Being the head of the institution, it is my sole responsibility to ensure that the implementation of the concept of cooperative learning happens in the most fruitful manner to provide maximum results. I need to demonstrate instructional leadership in order to facilitate, improve and promote the holistic growth and development of every student in both scholastic and non scholastic arena. I need to put up special focus for at risk children and whether they are being able to apply the skills they learn in the practical environment. The vision along with long and short term goals are clear for me and based on them, I engage the parents, teachers and students towards achieving the vision which is only possible through continuous and comprehensive work. The available data which I have gathered from all the stakeholders during the implementation of cooperative learning is being used by me for further analysis and studying the details and obscure areas so that they can be improved. I have also taken up a proactive role to support the instructional efforts of the teachers. I communicate frequently with the students and have also asked my respective teachers to directly communicate with me so as to pass on instructions and address the needs of the students. The instructional values are being directly imparted to the teachers so that the teaching learning process can be effective and interesting. Apart for instructions, being the principal it is my utmost duty to provide and allocate resources and materials to the teachers well ahead of the class so that they can prepare themselves in advance and make their respective classes interesting and worthy. I ensure that we have the latest technologies being used in the classrooms so that children understand better and thus learn better. All the classrooms are equipped with smart boards enabling the students to have a better understanding of each subject. In order to ensure that the students are comfortable in the ways and the methods that the teachers are using, we endure that we have regular checks for the same. For this purpose I took the initiative of sending the trained teachers for various programs to learn new methods of teaching and then coming and putting them into practice in our very own school. The grass root problems can be solved only if I visit the classrooms and see where there is an issue. So, I regularly visit different classrooms and evaluate the performance of students as well as teachers individually and also in a composite manner to have a fair idea regarding the success of this cooperative learning pedagogy. The various feedbacks and on spot criteria I obtain are being discussed with the teachers so that requisite rectification is made and then it is rolled out again. I also collect regular feedback from teachers and parents regarding this and look for areas where improvement is necessary. Be actively involved in the classroom activities with the students and teachers and draw upon points. I would now ask the teachers to switch on to the old method of teaching for a few weeks. Again I would be actively involved in the all the classroom activities along with students and the teachers. After undertaking my personal observation I would now compare the results as well the performance of each child during the time when cooperative learning was going on and in turn compare with the time when we had switched back to the old system of learning or rather the usual method that has been followed throughout. After gather all the facts together, I would thereby make a comparison of each students performs during the time when the cooperative learning method was undertaken and when it was put off. This would now give a very clear idea of what actually is the outcome of this method and whether the children are likely to benefit from this program or we should actually take it out of the system. Based on this I would be able to respond to the question and complains that are pouring in from the parents from al the sides. Response: After getting to know that the parents are complaining to the teachers as well as the boss, I decide to take this matter seriously and arrange a meeting with the parents who feel that the new method of cooperative learning would a be a problem for their children and creating problems for them as well. I arrange for a meeting with all the parents. Having done so, I would individually deal with all the questions that thrown at me. As I have already my homework, I am now in a position to make them understanding the benefits of cooperative learning, why it is important and how will it be helpful for their children in the long run. The first problem that a parent raised was it was slowing his/ her child. To this I could respond by making her understand that the method is not slowing the child but is actually teaching her/him how to work in a group with other children. It teaches the spirit of cooperation where the child is getting to learn a lot. The next question was dealt by highlighting the fact that this is actually a way to promote competition among the students, however this competition from every aspect is a healthy one. Another parent stated that cooperative learning is a waste of time. To this my response would be if the children do not enjoy what they learn how they would actually develop an interest in their studies. Learning through playing would be one of the best ways to make the child active and be drawn towards their work. All the activities undertaken during the cooperative learning classes actually promote a better understanding of their work and studies. One of the parents remarked that her child is given all the work of the group. To this I can definitely assure her that it will made sure that work is divided equally among the children and also endure that everyone is responsible for their own price of work. The last question came up was of other children being nasty to her son in the group. This could be solved by reshuffling his. We would decide to put him in such a group where he would have his friend , where he would be comfortable working with them which would help him to open up be tter and this would also make him want to come to the school. References: Ambrose, S. A., Bridges, M. W., DiPietro, M., Lovett, M. C., Norman, M. K. (2010).How learning works: Seven research-based principles for smart teaching. John Wiley Sons. Aydin, S. (2012). Factors causing demotivation in EFL teaching process: A case study.The qualitative report,17(51), 1. Eyal, O., Roth, G. (2011). Principals' leadership and teachers' motivation: Self-determination theory analysis.Journal of Educational Administration,49(3), 256-275. Farid, M. T. A. S. (2011). Factors affecting teachers motivation.International journal of Business and social science,2(1). George, L., Sabapathy, T. (2011). Work motivation of teachers: Relationship with organizational commitment/La motivation au travail des enseignants: La relation avec l'engagement organisational.Canadian Social Science,7(1), 90. Lunenburg, F. C., Ornstein, A. C. (2011).Educational administration: Concepts and practices. Cengage Learning. Schalock, R. L., Verdugo, M. A. (2012).A Leadership Guide for Today's Disabilities Organizations: Overcoming Challenges and Making Change Happen. Brookes Publishing Company. PO Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285. Sursock, A., Smidt, H., Davies, H. (2010).Trends 2010: A decade of change in European Higher Education(Vol. 1). Brussels: European University Association.